Paper Technologies: Past, Present, and Future.

The last 25 years of pulp and paper industry have been marked by significant events, among others the increased used of recycled fibres, the so-called dioxin crisis, and a strong effort to tackle environmental concerns. In various aspects, the pulp and paper industry has shown a leadership role. In the same time period many advances were effected in process technology, from the twin-wire generation to increased paper machine speeds, and new coating technology, use of calcium carbonates, etc. The most significant changes have been outline with a special focus being placed on the present status of the industry, the next changes to be expected and how it has been, is, and will be supported by a somehow re-structured international R&D. Special emphasis will be placed on European R&D.